Wednesday, January 31, 2018

Premature Babies Are More Prone To Stress And Disease

Premature Babies Are More Prone To Stress And Disease.
New probing suggests that the adverse paraphernalia of pre-term origination can extend well into adulthood. The most recent findings, from a University of Rhode Island study that has followed more than 200 unripe infants for 21 years, revealed that preemies ripen up to be less healthy, struggle more socially and face a greater endanger of heart problems compared to those born full-term vigrxusa.com. One insight for this, explained study author Mary C Sullivan, professor of nursing at the University of Rhode Island and adjunct professor of pediatrics at the Alpert Medical School at Brown University, is that very quiet family weight, repeated blood draws, surgery and breathing issues can sway stress levels centre of pre-term infants.

She pointed out these stressors produce higher levels of the hormone cortisol, which is confused in the regulation of metabolism, vaccinated response and vascular tone. Among Sullivan's findings that.

The less a preemie weighs at birth, the greater the risk. Sullivan found preemies born at uncommonly dirty birth weight had the poorest pulmonary outcomes and higher resting blood pressure. Premature infants with medical and neurological problems had up to a 32 percent greater peril for severe and hardened health conditions vs normal-weight newborns. Pre-term infants with no medical conditions, principally boys, struggled more academically. Sullivan found that preemies tended to have more lore disabilities, tumult with math and need more school services than kids who were full-term babies. Some children born rashly are less coordinated. This may be interdependent to brain development and things of neonatal intensive care, the researchers said. Premature infants also tended to have fewer friends as they matured, the set found.

Treatment Of Severe Acne May Increase Risk Of Suicide Attempts

Treatment Of Severe Acne May Increase Risk Of Suicide Attempts.
Severe acne may significantly heighten suicide risk, and patients taking isotretinoin (Accutane) for the outer layer form should be monitored for at least a year after remedying ends, Swedish researchers report. "Treatment with Accutane in truth entails an increased jeopardize of suicide attempts," said lead researcher Anders Sundstrom, a pharmacoepidemiologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm extender.design. However, gloominess caused by the acne, rather than the medicate itself, is probably the culprit.

The imperil of suicide is very small. There could be one suicide venture among 2300 people taking Accutane, and that assumes that the drug caused the suicide attempt. For the study, published online Nov 12,2010 in BMJ, Sundstrom's party unexcited text on 5756 people treated for severe acne with Accutane from 1980 to 1989. The unexceptional age of the men was 22; the undistinguished age of women was 27.

Linking these patients to hospitalization and expiry records from 1980 to 2001, they found that 128 of the patients were hospitalized because of a suicide attempt. Suicide attempts increased in the several years before Accutane was started, but the highest endanger was seen in the six months after curing ended, Sundstrom's series found.

It's possible that patients whose skin improved became troubled if their social life didn't benefit, the researchers speculated. Also, Accutane takes day to work and acne can deteriorate before it gets better. "It takes a long lifetime to get rid of the acne, and for the self-image to get better might take even a longer time".

Thursday, January 25, 2018

Many Young Adults In The US Has Health Insurance

Many Young Adults In The US Has Health Insurance.
More childlike adults have constitution guarantee now than three years ago. And many of them are getting that coverage under a purveyance of the Affordable Care Act that allows them to stay on their parents' trim policies until they turn 26, US health officials reported Wednesday Dec 2013. From the end six months of 2010, when the by-law took effect, through the after six months of 2012, the percentage of those aged 19 to 25 with not for publication health insurance rose from 52 percent to nearly 58 percent, according to researchers at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supplement. An inopportune purvey of the health-reform law allowed children to persevere covered by their parents' plan for the longer period.

This advance of the Affordable Care Act, which is sometimes called "Obamacare," appears to calculation for most of the increase in the number of young adults with hermitic health insurance. The CDC undertook the bone up because, although there was anecdotal evidence of an increase in the number of minor adults being covered, there wasn't much proof. "The assumption is that the proficiency of young adults to stay on their parents' plans is ethical for the increase, but there is not really a lot of research providing evidence for that.

We categorically wanted to dig into it," said Whitney Kirzinger, a statistician at the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics and be conducive to maker of the report. "We found young adults were less likely to grasp coverage in their own name and more likely to obtain coverage in another stock member's name". The findings are published in the December culmination of the CDC's NCHS Data Brief. Obamacare has gotten off to a unwavering start, with a rash of problems plaguing the launch of the HealthCare bespeckle gov website.

But in general, the young adult-insurance catering has been among the more popular items within the Affordable Care Act. Other highlights of the recent report include the following. From 2008 to 2012, the have a claim to of young adults who had a delay in coverage dropped from 10,5 percent to 7,8 percent. However, the hole increased in the first half of 2011. From the wear half of 2010 through 2012, the percentage of young adults who had security in their own name dropped from nearly 41 percent to slight more than 27 percent.

Many Supplements Contain Toxins That Are Not Claimed In The Description

Many Supplements Contain Toxins That Are Not Claimed In The Description.
A Congressional examination of dietary herbal supplements has found suggestion amounts of lead, mercury and other awful metals in nearly all products tested, with an increment of myriad proscribed health claims made by supplement manufacturers, The New York Times reported Wednesday, 27 May. The levels of bleak metal contaminants did not overtake established limits, but investigators also discovered troubling and by any chance unsatisfactory levels of pesticide residue in 16 of 40 supplements, the newspaper said buy cheap neosizexl online. One ginkgo biloba artifact had labeling claiming it could freebie Alzheimer's disease (no effectual treatment yet exists), while a product containing ginseng asserted that it can frustrate both diabetes and cancer, the report said.

Steve Mister, president of the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a interchange group that represents the dietary epilogue industry, said it was not surprising that herbal supplements contained find amounts of heavy metals, because they are routinely found in smear and plants. "I dont think this should be of concern to consumers," he told the Times. The come in findings were to be presented to the Senate on Wednesday, two weeks before dialogue begins on a major food shelter bill that will likely place more controls on food manufacturers, the Times said.

The newspaper said it was given the article in advance of the Senate hearing. How strong the bill will be on supplement makers has been the subjugate of much lobbying, but the Times noted that some Congressional staff members apprehension manufacturers will find it too burdensome.

Monday, January 22, 2018

Infection Of The Heart Valve Can Cause Death

Infection Of The Heart Valve Can Cause Death.
Life-threatening infections of the humanitarianism valve are twice as everyday in the United States as at one time thought and have increased steadily in the carry on 15 years, according to researchers. The young study also found that many cases of these infections - called endocarditis - are acquired in fettle care facilities and may be preventable. Without antibiotic treatment, these infections are fatal womens. Even with the best treatment, one in five patients with a kindness valve infection suffers a tenderness criticize or stroke and one in seven dies, according to study lead framer Dr David Bor, chief of medicine and of infectious diseases at Cambridge Health Alliance in Massachusetts and an fellow-worker professor of medication at Harvard Medical School.

He and a colleague analyzed native data and recorded 39000 hospitalizations for heart valve infections in 2009. Cases have increased 2,4 percent a year since 1998, they found. The findings were published online March 20 in the history PLoS One. Endocarditis is considered somewhat uncommon, muse about co-author Dr John Brusch said in a Cambridge Health Alliance release release.

Use Of Finasteride Reduces Alcohol Consumption

Use Of Finasteride Reduces Alcohol Consumption.
Some men who use finasteride (Propecia) to balm fracas baldness may also be drinking less alcohol, a untrodden study suggests June 2013. Among the possibility side effects of the hair-restoring medicament are a reduced sex drive, depression and suicidal thoughts. And it's men who have libidinous side effects who also appear to want to deoch an doris less, the researchers report effects. "In men experiencing obdurate sexual side effects despite stopping finasteride, two-thirds have noticed drinking less liquor than before taking finasteride," said bone up author Dr Michael Irwig, an assistant professor of pharmaceutical at George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences in Washington, DC.

Although it isn't understandable why the medication might have this effect, Irwig thinks the pharmaceutical may alter the brain's chemistry. "Finasteride interferes with the brain's knack to make certain hormones called neurosteroids, which are liable linked to drinking alcohol. For younger men contemplating the use of finasteride for c spear pattern curls loss, they should carefully balance the modest cosmetic benefits of less braids loss versus some of the serious risks".

The report was published online June 13 in the logbook Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. "The biggest question with this finding is that it is naturalistic rather than a controlled examination so cause-and-effect is hard to establish," said James Garbutt, a professor of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. "This is more of a cloud on the scope than a clear-cut effect".

If these findings are confirmed it suggests there may be a subgroup of people, conceivably identifiable by their taste of sensuous side effects, who will experience reductions in John Barleycorn consumption who was not involved with the study. "Based on the consumption levels reported in the paper, this populace would be considered social drinkers and not incorrigible drinkers".

Saturday, January 20, 2018

Impact Of Energy Drinks On The Heart

Impact Of Energy Drinks On The Heart.
Energy drinks may supply a grain too much of a boost to your heart, creating additional percolate on the organ and causing it to compact more rapidly than usual, German researchers report. Healthy plebeians who drank energy drinks high in caffeine and taurine qualified significantly increased heart contraction rates an hour later, according to probing scheduled for presentation Monday at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, in Chicago, 2013 deadly shark delay spray. The research raises concerns that vitality drinks might be bad for the heart, principally for people who already have heart disease, said Dr Kim Williams, imperfection president of the American College of Cardiology.

We remember there are drugs that can improve the function of the heart, but in the long sitting they have a detrimental effect on the heart," said Williams, a cardiology professor at Wayne State University School of Medicine, in Detroit. For example, adrenaline can cover the sensitivity race, but such overexertion can fraying the heart muscle down. There's also the possibility that a soul could develop an irregular heartbeat.

From 2007 to 2011, the number of pinch room visits related to energy drinks nearly doubled in the United States, rising from degree more than 10000 to nearly 21000, according to a convention news release. Most of the cases involved young adults ancient 18 to 25, followed by people aged 26 to 39. In the creative study, researchers used spellbinding resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the heart function of 18 fine fettle participants both before and one hour after they consumed an energy drink.

The vim and vigour drink contained 400 milligrams of taurine and 32 milligrams of caffeine per 100 milliliters of melted (about 3,4 ounces). Taurine is an amino acid that plays a figure of passkey roles in the body, and is believed to enhance athletic performance. Caffeine is the actual stimulant that gives coffee its kick. After downing the stick-to-it-iveness drink, the participants experienced a 6 percent spread in their heart contraction rate, said boning up co-author Dr Jonas Doerner, a radiology resident in the cardiovascular imaging cross-section at the University of Bonn, in Germany.

Friday, January 19, 2018

Cancer cells can treat tumors

Cancer cells can treat tumors.
New analysis suggests that many cancer cells are equipped with a friendly of suicide pill: a protein on their surfaces that gives them the genius to send an "eat me" significant to immune cells. The challenge now, the researchers say, is to suppose out how to coax cancer cells into emitting the special rather than a dangerous "don't eat me" signal mymensinh noti para cuda cudi. A inspect published online Dec 22 2010 in Science Translational Medicine reports that the cells turn out the enticing "eat me" blink by displaying the protein calreticulin.

But another molecule, called CD47, allows most cancer cells to evade end by sending the opposite signal: "Don't eat me". In earlier research, Stanford University School of Medicine scientists found that an antibody that blocks CD47 - turning off the gesticulate - could aid contend cancer, but mysteries remained. "Many orthodox cells in the body have CD47, and yet those cells are not upset by the anti-CD47 antibody," Mark Chao, a Stanford graduate swat and the study's lead author, said in a university news release.

Some Elderly Men Really Suffer From Andropause, But Much Less Frequently Than Previously Thought

Some Elderly Men Really Suffer From Andropause, But Much Less Frequently Than Previously Thought.
In describing a set of valid symptoms for "male menopause" for the principal time, British researchers have also precise that only about 2 percent of men grey 40 to 80 indulge from the condition, far less than a while ago thought. Male menopause, also called "andropause" or late-onset hypogonadism, reputedly results from declines in testosterone drama that occur later in life, but there has been some debate on how real the phenomenon is, the contemplation authors noted female. "Some aging men on my oath suffer from male menopause.

It is a genuine syndrome, but much less stereotypical than previously assumed," concluded Dr Ilpo Huhtaniemi, elder author of a study published online June 16 in the New England Journal of Medicine. "This is well-connected because it demonstrates that unfeigned symptomatic androgen deficiencies androgens are male hormones is less community than believed, and that only the right patients should get androgen treatment," added Huhtaniemi, a professor of reproductive endocrinology in the area of surgery and cancer at Imperial College London.

Many men have been taking testosterone supplements to conflict the perceived junk of aging, even though it's not unambiguous if taking these supplements help or if they're even safe. The result has been lump confusion, not only as to whether male menopause exists but also how to treat it. "A lot of community abuse testosterone who shouldn't and a lot of men who should get it aren't," said Dr Michael Hermans, an subsidiary professor of surgery in the Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine and premier of the split of andrology, male sexual dysfunction and virile infertility at Scott & White in Temple, Texas.

Thursday, January 18, 2018

Patients With Head And Neck Cancer Can Swallow And Speak After Therapy

Patients With Head And Neck Cancer Can Swallow And Speak After Therapy.
Most noggin and neck cancer patients can converse in and mouthful after undergoing combined chemotherapy and dispersal treatment, but several factors may be associated with mediocre outcomes, researchers have found. The new contemplate included patients who were assessed nearly three years after they were successfully treated with chemoradiotherapy for advanced van and neck cancer biovita. The US researchers gave a speaking total of 1 through 4 to 163 patients an ordinary of 34,8 months after they completed treatment, and gave a swallowing number of 1 through 4 to 166 patients an standard of 34,5 months after treatment.

A higher score indicated reduced faculty to speak or swallow. Most of the patients (84,7 percent of those assigned speaking scores and 63,3 percent of those given swallowing scores) had no enduring problems and received a accompaniment of 1. Of the 160 patients who were given both speaking and swallowing scores, 96 had a points of 1 in each category, the investigators found.

Tuesday, January 16, 2018

To Get An Interview For A Woman To Be A Better Resume Without A Photo

To Get An Interview For A Woman To Be A Better Resume Without A Photo.
While good-looking men muster it easier to ground a headache interview, taking women may be at a disadvantage, a unexplored study from Israel suggests. Resumes that included photos of comely men were twice as likely to generate requests for an interview, the office found tarika. But resumes from women that included photos were up to 30 percent less probable to get a response, whether or not the women were attractive.

That good-looking women were passed over for interviews "was surprising," said bookwork commander Bradley Ruffle, an economics researcher and lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. The declaration contradicts a of distinction body of research that shows that good-looking people are typically viewed as smarter, kinder and more adept than those who are less attractive.

But Daniel S Hamermesh, professor of economics at the University of Texas at Austin, "wasn't fully surprised," noting that other studies, including one of his own, have found dream a exposure in the workplace. "I call this the 'Bimbo Effect,'" said Hamermesh, considered an sage on the association between beauty and the labor market. The around study appears online on the Social Science Research Network.

In Israel, toil hunters have the chance of including a headshot with their resumes, whereas that is customary in many European countries but censorable in the United States. That made Israel the notional testing ground for his research.

To determine whether a crime candidate's appearance affects the likelihood of landing an interview, Ruffle and a and mate mailed 5,312 virtually identical resumes, in pairs, in comeback to 2,656 advertised job openings in 10 bizarre fields. One resume included a photo of an pulling man or woman or a plain man or woman; the other had no photo. Almost 400 employers (14,5 percent) responded.

Monday, January 15, 2018

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Danger At Ski Resorts

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Danger At Ski Resorts.
Skiers and other alfresco enthusiasts necessity to be aware that factors such as live through conditions and time of day can cause considerable diversity in the levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the winter, researchers say. They analyzed matter collected between 2001 and 2003 at 32 high-altitude ski resorts in western North America sleeping pills kelke real sister ko bhi ne coda. They also interviewed grown-up guests at the resorts and looked at their clothing and trappings in organize to assess their level of sun protection.

Average UV levels at the ski resorts were to some degree low but mixed substantially, the researchers found. Clear skies, time buddy-buddy to noon, and more hours of daylight as the ski season progressed were the strongest predictors of increased UV radiation. The researchers also found subordinate associations between higher UV dispersal and altitude, longitude and temperature.

However, exalted UV levels were not associated with increased use of sun-protection measures, such as sunscreen lip balm, reference of sunscreen 30 minutes before skiing, wearing a boss cover with a brim, or wearing gloves. The ruminate on did find that as UV levels increased, adults were more disposed to to wear sunscreen with a lowest 15 SPF and to reapply it after two hours, and more likely to bore sunglasses or goggles. Men were more likely than women to use sunscreen.

Sunday, January 14, 2018

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes

Significant Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increases The Risk Of Gestational Diabetes.
Excessive incline forward movement during pregnancy, especially the beginning trimester, may increase a woman's imperil of gestational diabetes, say US researchers medical. Their three-year burn the midnight oil included 345 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and 800 productive women without gestational diabetes, which is defined as glucose narrow-mindedness that typically occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

After the researchers adjusted for a issue of factors - long time at delivery, previous births, pre-pregnancy body-mass mark and race and/or ethnicity - they found that women who gained more bulk during pregnancy than recommended by the US Institute of Medicine were 50 percent more probably to develop gestational diabetes, compared to those whose arrange gain was within or below the IOM recommendations. The link between pregnancy force gain and gestational diabetes was strongest among overweight and non-white women.

The think over was published online Feb 22 in the weekly Obstetrics and Gynecology. "Health-care providers should bilge to their patients early in their pregnancy about the appropriate gestational weight gain, especially during the principal trimester, and help women monitor their burden gain.

Saturday, January 13, 2018

Doctors Do A Blood Transfusion For The Involvement Of Patients In Trials Of New Cancer Drugs

Doctors Do A Blood Transfusion For The Involvement Of Patients In Trials Of New Cancer Drugs.
Canadian researchers stipulate they've noticed a disquieting trend: Cancer doctors ordering unneeded blood transfusions so that severely in bad health patients can suitable for drug trials. In a letter published recently in the New England Journal of Medicine, the researchers boom on three cases during the aftermost year in Toronto hospitals in which physicians ordered blood transfusions that could occasion the patients appear healthier for the individual purpose of getting them into clinical trials for chemotherapy drugs natural hgh testosterone. The usage raises both medical and ethical concerns, the authors say.

And "On the doctor side, you want to do the best for your patients," said co-author Dr Jeannie Callum, the man of transfusion medicine and tissue banks at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto. "If these patients have no other options larboard to them, you want to do the entirety you can to get them into a clinical trial. But the unwavering is put in a horrible position, which is, 'If you want in to the trial, you have to have the transfusion.' But the transfusion only carries risks to them".

A uncommonly sedate complication of blood transfusions is transfusion-related sharp-witted lung injury, which occurs in about one in 5000 transfusions and usually requires the unfailing to go on life support, said Callum. But into the bargain the potential for physical harm, enrolling very sick relations in a clinical trial can also skew the study's results - making the medicate perform worse than it might in patients whose disease was not as far along.

The non-essential transfusions were discovered by the Toronto Transfusion Collaboration, a consortium of six bishopric hospitals formed to carefully review all transfusions as a means of improving steadfast safety. At this point, it's ludicrous to know how often transfusions are ordered just to get patients into clinical trials. When she contacted colleagues around the the human race to find out if the practice is widespread, all replied that they didn't probe the reasons for ordering blood transfusions and so would have no system of knowing.

Wednesday, January 10, 2018

Efficiency Of Breast-Feeding On Brain Activity Of The Baby

Efficiency Of Breast-Feeding On Brain Activity Of The Baby.
Breast-feeding is virtue for a baby's brain, a brand-new swat says in June 2013. Researchers hand-me-down MRI scans to examine brain growth in 133 children ranging in adulthood from 10 months to 4 years. By life-span 2, babies who were breast-fed exclusively for at least three months had greater levels of enlargement in translation parts of the brain than those who were fed formula only or a combination of formula and heart of hearts milk mail order long hair. The extra growth was most evident in parts of the planner associated with things such as language, emotional function and evaluation skills, according to the study published online May 28 in the chronicle NeuroImage.

So "We're finding the difference in white proceeding growth is on the order of 20 to 30 percent, comparing the breast-fed and the non-breast-fed kids," haunt author Sean Deoni, an deputy professor of engineering at Brown University, said in a university copy release. "I think it's astounding that you could have that much diversity so early".

Tuesday, January 9, 2018

Insertion Of A Stent May Save From Leg Amputation

Insertion Of A Stent May Save From Leg Amputation.
When angioplasty fails, patients with violent beside the point arterial cancer may now have another option eyefine siemens. A drug-releasing stent placed in the blocked artery below the knee might re-establish blood flow, novel check in shows.

Critical limb ischemia, the most brutal form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), causes more than 100000 pin amputations in the United States each year. Now, researchers from Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City give the word insertion of a stent can foil many of these amputations.

In "Traditional balloon angioplasty is plagued by stoned degree failure, restenosis (recurrence) and inability to elevate the patient's symptoms," said result in researcher Dr Robert A Lookstein, fellow director of Mount Sinai's division of interventional radiology. Patients with depreciating limb ischemia have leg discomposure even when resting and sores that don't heal because of lack of circulation. They are at jeopardy of gangrene and amputation.

But placing a stent in the seized artery during angioplasty greatly improves these problems. The drug-eluting stent keeps the narrowed artery launch and releases a medication for several weeks after implantation, preventing the artery from closing again. "Patients with the least stringent system of the (severe) disease, those with woe at rest, as well as the patients with minor skin infection of their legs, were able to evade major amputation".

But some patients with severe disease and those with gangrene still distraught a limb who was scheduled to present the finding Monday at the Society of Interventional Radiology's annual engagement in Tampa, Fla. For the study, Lookstein's crew followed 53 patients with essential limb ischemia who had a total of 94 drug-eluting stents implanted to survey leg arteries that would not stay open after angioplasty alone. These are the same stents commonly worn to open blocked coronary arteries. The curing was effective in all the patients, the researchers said.

Monday, January 1, 2018

Doctors Recommend A New Complex Cancer Treatment

Doctors Recommend A New Complex Cancer Treatment.
Women with martial chest cancer who receive conjunction targeted therapy with chemotherapy prior to surgery have a a little improved chance of staying cancer-free, researchers say. However, the upswing was not statistically significant and the jury is still out on combination treatment, said leadership researcher Dr Martine Piccart-Gebhart, chair of the Breast International Group, in Brussels this site. "I don't mark that tomorrow we should strike to a new standard of care.

Piccart-Gebhart presented her findings Wednesday at the 2013 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, alongside other enquiry that investigated ways to rehabilitate treatment for women with HER2-positive bosom cancer. This aggressive form of cancer is linked to a genetic irregularity. Other researchers reported the following. The targeted dull trastuzumab (Herceptin) worked better in HER2-positive titty cancer tumors containing favourable levels of unaffected cells.

A combination of the chemotherapy drugs docetaxel and carboplatin with Herceptin appeared to be the best postsurgery therapy option. Overall, the studies were correct news for women with HER2-positive breast cancer, which Euphemistic pre-owned to be one of the most fatal forms of the disease. Researchers reported long-term survival rates higher than 90 percent for women treated using the targeted cure drugs. "That tells you these treatments are very, very effective," Piccart-Gebhart said.

Piccart-Gebhart's combo targeted analysis grief is evaluating whether the HER2-targeted drugs Herceptin and lapatinib (Tykerb) piece better when combined on excellent of standard chemotherapy. The bur involved 455 patients with HER2-positive mamma cancer with tumors larger than 2 centimeters. The women were given chemotherapy former to surgery along with either Herceptin, Tykerb, or a combination of the two targeted drugs. They also were treated after surgery with whichever targeted remedy they had been receiving.

Piccart-Gebhart reported that 84 percent of the patients who received the syndication targeted psychoanalysis between 2008 and 2010 have remained cancer-free, compared with 76 percent who only received Herceptin. "It's too ahead today to give the word this dual treatment saves more lives. We can't stipulate that on the basis of this trial". The drawbacks of this union therapy are cost and side effects, Piccart-Gebhart said.